最適合物聯網的開源數據庫

點擊數：162019-02-21 16:14:33　來源: 藝之都網絡

the Internet of Things (IoT) can be regarded as a network in which various things are connected to each other through a common platform. Just visualise a scenario in which every device at home and the workplace is connected, and a world where the air-conditioning in a room automatically lowers its temperature when the outside temperature rises up, when the number of people in any public gathering is easily known, and when one’s health parameters can be monitored on a daily basis. This is the possible impact of the Internet of Things. 

      物聯網（IoT）可以被看作是通過一個通用平臺將各種事物相互連接起來的網絡。只需將家中和工作場所的所有設備連接起來的場景以及室外空氣溫度升高時室內空調自動降溫的環境中觀察，任何公眾聚會中的人數都很容易知曉，并且可以每天監測一個人的健康參數。這是物聯網可能帶來的影響。

The current state of the Internet of Things is very fragmented. There are different companies and organisations that are building their own platforms for either their customers or their individual needs. But a common platform on which all the devices, irrespective of their company, can be connected with each other via a user friendly interface, is still missing.

物聯網的現狀非常分散。有不同的公司和組織正在為其客戶或其個人需求構建自己的平臺。但是一個通用的平臺，所有的設備，無論他們的公司，都可以通過用戶友好的界面相互連接，但仍然缺失。

IoT devices are estimated to number in the trillions in the coming five years.

Is a database necessary for IoT?

       估計未來五年物聯網設備的數量將達到數萬億。

       數據庫是物聯網所必需的嗎？

The Internet of Things creates many tedious challenges, especially in the field of database management systems, like integrating tons of voluminous data in real-time, processing events as they stream and dealing with the security of data. For instance, IoT based traffic sensors applied in smart cities would produce huge amounts of data on traffic in real-time. Databases have a very important role to play in handling IoT data adequately. Therefore, along with a proper platform, the right database is equally important. As IoT operates across a diverse environment in the world, it becomes very challenging to choose an adequate database.

      物聯網產生了許多乏味的挑戰，特別是在數據庫管理系統領域，例如實時集成大量的大量數據，在處理數據流時處理事件以及處理數據安全性等方面。例如，智能城市中應用的基于物聯網的交通傳感器將實時生成大量的交通數據。數據庫在充分處理物聯網數據方面發揮著非常重要的作用。因此，隨著一個適當的平臺，正確的數據庫同樣重要。由于物聯網在全球多元化的環境中運作，選擇適當的數據庫變得非常具有挑戰性。

The factors that should be considered before choosing a database for IoT applications are:

1) Size, scale and indexing

2) Effectiveness while handling a huge amount of data

3) User-friendly schema

4) Portability

5) Query languages

6) Process modelling and transactions

7) Heterogeneity and integration

8) Time series aggregation

9) Archiving

10) Security and cost

在為物聯網應用選擇數據庫之前應考慮的因素有：

1）尺寸，比例和索引

2）處理大量數據時的有效性

3）用戶友好的模式

4）便攜性

5）查詢語言

6）流程建模和交易

7）異質性和一體化

8）時間序列聚合

9）存檔

10）安全性和成本

The types of data in the Internet of Things are:

1) RFID: Radio frequency identification

2) Addresses/unique identifiers

3) Descriptive data for processes, systems and objects

4) Pervasive environmental data and positional data

5) Sensor data: Multi-dimensional time series data

6) Historical data

7) Physics models: Models that are templates for reality

8) State of actuators and command data for control

物聯網中的數據類型有：

1）RFID：射頻識別

2）地址/唯一標識符

3）過程，系統和對象的描述性數據

4）普遍的環境數據和位置數據

5）傳感器數據：多維時間序列數據

6）歷史數據

7）物理模型：模型是現實的模板

8）用于控制的執行器和命令數據的狀態

Databases suited for the Internet of Things

InfluxDB: InfluxDB was first released in 2013, and is one of the recent databases. The Go programming language was used in developing this database, which is totally based on LevelDB, a key-value database. InfluxDB is a time series database, which is used to optimise and handle time series data. Time series data was first released by Kdb in 2000, but InfluxDB became popular with the rise in the Internet of Things as it gave movement to NoSQL, NewSQL and a vast amount of increasing data.

適用于物聯網的數據庫

InfluxDB：InfluxDB于2013年首次發布，是最近的數據庫之一。 Go編程語言用于開發此數據庫，該數據庫完全基于LevelDB，一個鍵值數據庫。 InfluxDB是一個時間序列數據庫，用于優化和處理時間序列數據。 2000年Kdb首次發布時間序列數據，但隨著物聯網的興起，InfluxDB開始流行起來，因為它推動了NoSQL，NewSQL和大量不斷增加的數據。

The advantages of using InfluxDB for IoT data include:

1) Allows indexing of series

2) It has an SQL-like query language

3) It also provides the built-in linear interpolation for missing data

4) It supports automatic data down sampling

5) Supports continuous queries to compute aggregates

使用InfluxDB進行物聯網數據的優勢包括：

1）允許編制索引

2）它有一個類似于SQL的查詢語言

3）它還提供了缺失數據的內置線性插值

4）它支持自動數據下采樣

5）支持連續查詢來計算聚合

CrateDB: CrateDB is a distributed SQL database management system. Being open source and written in Java, it includes components from Facebook Presto, Apache Lucene, Elasticsearch and Netty—thus it is designed for high scalability. CrateDB was made for putting IoT data to work. From the industrial Internet and connected cars to wearables, CrateDB is the database of choice for innovators of new IoT solutions.

CrateDB：CrateDB是一個分布式SQL數據庫管理系統。作為開源代碼并以Java編寫，它包含了來自Facebook Presto，Apache Lucene，Elasticsearch和Netty的組件，因此它的設計具有很高的可擴展性。 CrateDB是為了使物聯網數據正常工作而開發的。從工業互聯網和連接汽車到可穿戴設備，CrateDB是新型物聯網解決方案創新者的首選數據庫。

The advantages of using CrateDB for IoT data include:

1) Millions of data points per second: Fast, linearly scalable data ingestion

2) Real-time queries: Columnar indices and field caches provide in-memory SQL performance

3) Dynamic schema: Add and query new sensor data structures on-the-fly

4) IoT analytics: Fast, robust time series, AI, geospatial, text search, joins, aggregations

5) Always on: Built-in data replication and cluster rebalancing ensure non-stop performance

6) ANSI SQL: No lock-in, and easy for any developer to use and integrate 

7) Built-in MQTT broker: Direct device-to-database integration

8) IoT ecosystem: Works with Kafka, Grafana, NodeRED, and other popular IoT stack software

9) Runs anywhere for efficient processing at the edge or in the cloud

使用CrateDB進行物聯網數據的優勢包括：

1）每秒數百萬個數據點：快速，可線性擴展的數據攝取

2）實時查詢：列式索引和字段緩存提供內存中的SQL性能

3）動態模式：即時添加和查詢新的傳感器數據結構

4）物聯網分析：快速，強大的時間序列，AI，地理空間，文本搜索，連接，聚合

5）始終開啟：內置數據復制和群集重新平衡確保不間斷的性能

6）ANSI SQL：無需鎖定，便于任何開發人員使用和集成

7）內置MQTT代理：直接從設備到數據庫集成

8）物聯網生態系統：適用于Kafka，Grafana，NodeRED和其他流行的物聯網堆棧軟件

9）在任何地方運行，以便在邊緣或云中進行高效處理

MongoDB: MongoDB is a free and open source cross-platform document-oriented database program. It is categorised as a NoSQL database program. JSON-like documents with schemas are used by MongoDB. It is preferred by organisations for IoT, as it lets them store data from any context, which can be analysed in real-time, and also to change the schema as they go along.

MongoDB：MongoDB是一個免費且開放源代碼的跨平臺面向文檔的數據庫程序。它被分類為NoSQL數據庫程序。 MongoDB使用帶模式的類似JSON的文檔。組織傾向于物聯網，因為它允許他們存儲來自任何上下文的數據，這些數據可以實時分析，也可以在架構隨時更改。

The advantages of using MongoDB for IoT data include:

1) Highly powerful database

2) Document-oriented

3) Has uses for general purposes

4) Being a NoSQL database, it uses JSON-like documents with schemas

使用MongoDB進行物聯網數據的優勢包括：

1）高度強大的數據庫

2）面向文檔

3）用于一般目的

4）作為NoSQL數據庫，它使用類似JSON的文檔和模式

RethinkDB: In the open source database list, RethinkDB stands at the top. It is a scalable JSON database for the real-time Web, which is built from the ground up. RethinkDB introduces an exciting new access model by transposing the traditional database architecture. It can continuously push updated query results to applications in real-time, when a command is given to it by the developer. This is a feature the developers call changefeeds. RethinkDB serves as a database, real-time repository and message broker of the system state, which is allowed by changefeed. Its real-time push architecture dramatically reduces the time and effort necessary to build scalable real-time apps.

RethinkDB：在開源數據庫列表中，RethinkDB位于頂部。它是用于實時Web的可擴展JSON數據庫，它是從頭開始構建的。 RethinkDB通過轉換傳統的數據庫體系結構引入了令人興奮的新訪問模式。當開發人員向其發送命令時，它可以不斷將更新后的查詢結果推送至應用程序。這是開發人員稱為換卡的功能。 RethinkDB作為系統狀態的數據庫，實時存儲庫和消息代理，這是更改進程允許的。其實時推送體系結構大大減少了構建可擴展實時應用程序所需的時間和精力。

將RethinkDB用于物聯網傳感器數據的優點包括：

The advantages of using RethinkDB for IoT sensor data include:

1) RethinkDB has an adaptable query language for examining APIs, which is very easy to set up and learn.

2) Commands are automatically shifted to a new server if any primary server fails.

3) Plug-and-play function of nodes in real-time, without any downtime for even a single second, helps in the easy addition of nodes.

4) Offers asynchronous queries via Eventmachine in Ruby and Tornado, which gives an asynchronous application programming interface.

5) It offers SSL access just to have secured access to RethinkDB via public Internet.

6) Floor, ceil and round are various mathematical operators that are offered by RethinkDB.

1）RethinkDB具有適用于檢查API的查詢語言，這非常容易設置和學習。

2）如果任何主服務器發生故障，命令會自動轉移到新服務器。

3）實時即插即用的節點功能，即使是一秒鐘也沒有停機時間，有助于節點的輕松添加。

4）通過Ruby和Tornado中的Eventmachine提供異步查詢，從而提供異步應用程序編程接口。

5）它提供SSL訪問只是為了通過公共互聯網安全地訪問RethinkDB。

6）Floor，Ceil和Round是由RethinkDB提供的各種數學運算符。

SQLite: SQLite Database Engine is a process library that provides a serverless (self-contained) transactional SQL database engine. It has had a major impact on game and mobile application development due to its portability and

small footprint.

SQLite works appropriately with the devices that do not require any human support, as the database requires no administrative permissions. It is a good fit for use in cell phones, set-top boxes, televisions, game consoles, cameras, watches, kitchen appliances, thermostats, automobiles, machine tools, air planes, remote sensors, drones, medical devices and robots, as well as in IoT.

Client/server database engines are designed to live inside a data centre at the core of the network. SQLite works there too, but SQLite also thrives at the edge of the network, fending for itself while providing fast and reliable data services to applications that would otherwise have dodgy connectivity.

SQLite：SQLite數據庫引擎是一個提供無服務器（自包含）事務性SQL數據庫引擎的流程庫。由于可移植性和可移植性，它對游戲和移動應用程序的開發產生了重大影響

占地面積小。

SQLite適用于不需要任何人力支持的設備，因為數據庫不需要管理權限。它非常適合用于手機，機頂盒，電視機，游戲機，相機，手表，廚房電器，恒溫器，汽車，機床，飛機，遙感器，無人機，醫療設備和機器人等。如在物聯網中。

客戶端/服務器數據庫引擎旨在位于網絡核心的數據中心內。 SQLite也可以在那里工作，但SQLite也在網絡邊緣蓬勃發展，為自己提供幫助，同時為應用程序提供快速和可靠的數據服務，否則這些應用程序會存在不可靠的連接。

The advantages of using SQLite for IoT data include:

1) Offers a small memory footprint

2) It is authentic

3) No setting up required prior to use

4) Has no dependencies

使用SQLite進行物聯網數據的優勢包括：

1）提供小內存占用

2）它是真實的

3）使用前不需要設置

4）沒有依賴關系

Apache Cassandra: Apache Cassandra is a free and open source distributed NoSQL database management system, which was initially released in 2008. It was intended to handle huge amounts of data through many commodity servers, providing high availability with no single point of failure.

In IoT, the generation, tracking and sharing of data through a variety of networks is carried out on an immense scale due to the massive number of connected devices.  Cassandra is excellent at utilising lots of time series data that comes directly from devices, users, sensors, and similar mechanisms that subsist in diverse geographic locations.

Apache Cassandra：Apache Cassandra是一個免費的開源分布式NoSQL數據庫管理系統，最初于2008年發布。它旨在通過許多商品服務器處理大量數據，提供高可用性，無單點故障。

在物聯網中，由于大量連接的設備，通過各種網絡生成，跟蹤和共享數據的規模非常巨大。 Cassandra非常擅長利用大量時間序列數據，這些數據直接來自設備，用戶，傳感器以及存在于不同地理位置的類似機制。

The advantages of using Apache Cassandra for IoT data include:

1) Fault tolerant

2) Demonstrates high performance

3) Decentralised: Every node in the cluster is identical

4) Scalable

5) Durable

6) Ensures you’re in control: Each update has a choice of synchronous and asynchronous replication

7) Elastic: Both read and write execute in real-time, thus there is no downtime for any application

8) Professionally supported: It reinforces contracts and services that are available from third parties.

使用Apache Cassandra獲得物聯網數據的優勢包括：

1）容錯

2）演示高性能

3）分散化：集群中的每個節點都是相同的

4）可擴展

5）耐用

6）確保您處于控制之下：每個更新都可以選擇同步和異步復制

7）彈性：讀取和寫入都是實時執行的，因此任何應用程序都沒有停機時間

8）專業支持：它強化了第三方提供的合同和服務。

---------------------

作者：shnbiot

來源：CSDN

原文：https://blog.csdn.net/shnbiot/article/details/80693520

版權聲明：本文為博主原創文章，轉載請附上博文鏈接！